France

There are things about Cahors that stick in one's memory. The first is that the appellation sits snug in the Haut-Pays, or high country, equidistant from the Atlantic Ocean, the Pyrenees, and the Mediterranean. Another is that autumn, particularly the crucial ripening month of September, is normally far drier in this region than in both Bordeaux and much of the Languedoc. Then there is the soil itself; it's red, based on limestone but flush with iron oxides. Iron was once smelted here, and this element, coupled with the intrinsic qualities of the native grape, accounts for the extraordinary minerality that anchors the region's best wines. The big thing about Cahors, however, is that it is the ancestral home of the black Malbec grape.
The heart of the appellation is the Lot Valley, and it brings Napa Valley to mind (without the fancy wineries). The Lot River snakes down a distinct valley with a wide alluvial floor, a pastoral landscape quilted with vineyards. The indigenous Malbec was cultivated here during
Gallo-Roman times long before Bordeaux became established, and it made Cahors' reputation.
Throughout the Middle Ages the wines of the Haut-Pays outranked Bordeaux in prestige, and
those from Cahors in particular were often used to beef up the color and backbone of Bordeaux's garnet-colored wines. Bordeaux, despite taxes extorted by its control of river and port, was never able to exile its rival. It took phylloxera in the late 1800s to do that. Today Cahors is in the midst of a renaissance, but even so its vineyard acreage is only 15% of what it was in the mid-1800s.
Cathy and Daniel Fournié of Haut-Monplaisir farm 44.5 acres on what the locals call the third
terrace of the valley floor. These terraces, or benches, are layered gravel deposits left by the river over the ages. There are three such terraces in the valley; the third is the highest, furthest from the Lot, and the best by virtue of its well-drained soils. Above the third terrace come the mountain vineyards, high on the oak-scrub hills.
Cathy took over the vineyards in 1998 from her father, who had sold the crop to négociants. She and Daniel had a keen interest in making their own wine but realized they needed help. They reached out to Pascal Verhaeghe, the dynamic proprietor of Château du Cèdre whose vineyards grow on the second terrace. Pascal immediately saw the potential of Haut Monplaisir's site. He could also see that if great wine were made here then Cahor's revival would be all the more successful, and that was far more important to him than possible competition between the two domaines. Thus was born the partnership between Pascal and Daniel, who together are responsible for the wines of Haut Monplaisir.
Château Haut-Monplaisir Cahors
They make three cuvées with careful use of micro-oxygenation, all 100% non-filtered Malbec. The first is a straight Cahors, a dark, richly-fruited wine made in cement vats; the second is the smoky mineral-laden Cahors Prestige, a deliciously meaty wine made in new and old oak; then there is the luxury cuvée Pur Plaisir, which considering the labor that goes into the wine, is an astonishing buy. The wine is made in new 500-liter demi-muids (oversized barrels). At harvest the coopers come, stand the barrels on end, and knock out the other end. The fruit, from the domaine's best parcel, is crushed directly into the demi-muids to undergo alcoholic fermentation, an almost unheard of practice. Once the initial dermentation is complete, the wine is racked out of the demi-muids, the coopers are brought back in to re-install the ends, the barrels are laid on their sides, and the wine is poured back to undergo malolactic fermentation. This is an immense wine with succulent, spicy plum and prune fruit, wrapped in round tannins and long with its iron-infused terroir.

Denis was constantly alert, with highly developed senses. He fed his vines and they in turn fed him. The foundations of the estate’s incomparable wines reflect this relationship based upon the senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. Denis felt the wine before even thinking about it. Extremely moved by this relationship, he was at a loss for words, and let himself be guided by intuition. The wine was never limited to a single product. It included instead everything associated with it or adding extra value: something funny that happened in the vineyard, an encounter, a special moment, a state of heart. Nothing has changed today. The flavours expressed by wine are confounded with the flavours of life. The taste of wine is at once a quest for our 5 senses as well as a combination of senses.

Denis loved nature. He excluded the use of weed killers and chemical fertilisers in 1996. And favoured tilling and the use of organic products instead, including shredded vine shoots. In line with this family tradition, Arnaud is taking the upkeep of the vine a step even further in this direction. Unbiased, he has opted for a type of vine growing largely inspired by organic farming, and to his mind, closer to nature. Arnaud wants his vines to breath, for the soil to be supple and home to a protective fauna and flora. He wants his grapes to ripen and to remain firm and fresh. As a result he does things his own way: traditional pruning according to the simple guyot method, and tilling of the soil, using a machine or a horse. Introduced by Denis in 1994, the trimming and trellising techniques play an important role. The lightweight tractors have been raised to increase the height of the trellis by 1.45 metre. In summer a team of 12 people pass several times through the vineyard where they trim, till and dig. Green harvesting is adapted to each variety depending upon its potential. At harvest time, Arnaud goes through all of the vineyards. He picks some grapes, analyses and most importantly tastes them. If the grapes are black, but not withered, the tannins crunchy, the skin firm, the pulp fresh and fruity, then he has a real Pinot Noir! And the time is ripe for its hand picking.

This vineyard translates to a wide band stretching from the outskirts of Dijon in Nuits Saint-Georges. It is built against Combe de Lavaux, the most alpine area of Côte de Nuits. The village was called Gevrey-en-Montagne until 1847, when it became Gevrey-Chambertin following a royal decree. Gevrey-Chambertin was the first district in Burgundy combining its name with that of its most prestigious terroir.
The first vestiges of vines date back to 630 when the oldest Burgundy estate “Clos de Bèze” was established by the monks of the Bèze abbey. It has preserved the name ever since. The upper part of the village boasts the still intact square towers of the castle dating back to the 10th century. It was built by the lords of Vergy, who decided to give it to the monks of Cluny. The climate referred to as “The Monk Coomb” bears witness to their presence.
From a historic point of view, Gevrey-Chambertin remains the leading vineyard in Burgundy: the biggest with 434 hectares producing wine, and the most prestigious with the largest number of Grands Crus (9 out of 23) and Premiers Crus (26 classified climates). It exclusively produces red wine from Pinot Noir.